北京市朝阳区579名中小学生营养知识和饮食行为调查

Investigation on nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior of 579 primary and middle school students in Chaoyang district

目的了解北京市朝阳区部分中小学学生营养知识及饮食行为习惯的现况,为进一步开展营养宣传教育工作和制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法采取分层整群抽样法,随机抽取2015年朝阳区的4所小学的小学一年级(6～7岁)、三年级(8～9岁)、五年级(10～11岁),4所中学的初中一年级(12～13岁)的579名学生作为调查对象。采用问卷调查法,对学生营养知识了解、早餐进食和剩饭情况进行调查。数据录入应用EpiData3.1软件。采用SPSS21.0软件进行卡方统计分析。结果 579名学生对基本营养知识总知晓率55.78%。《北京市中小学生膳食指引》整体的总知晓率为29.84%,且女生为35.55%,明显高于男生的24.31%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别学生早餐进食频次、上午最后一节课是否感觉饿的情况及在校就餐剩饭频率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年级学生早餐进食频次、上午最后一节课是否感觉饿的情况及在校就餐剩饭频率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论调查学生营养知识正确率较低,每日早餐进食率有待提高,剩饭行为不容乐观,应强化中小学生的营养知识教育,培养健康的饮食行为。

Objective To understand the current situation of nutrition knowledge and eating habits of some primary and middle school students in Chaoyang district,and to provide scientific basis for further development of nutrition publicity and education work and formulation of intervention measures.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select from the first grade(6-7 years old),third grade(8-9 years old)and fifth grade(10-11 years old)of 4 elementary schools,the first grade(12-13 years old)of 4 middle schools.Totally 579 students were surveyed in Chaoyang district in 2015.EpiData 3.1 software was used for the questionnaire(including nutrional knowledge,breakfast eating,leftovers)data entry.Chi-square test was used to analyze the data with SPSS 21.0.Results The total awareness rate of basic nutrition knowledge of 579 students was 55.78%.The overall awareness rate of'Guidelines for Primary and Secondary School Students in Beijing'was 29.84%,and the female students were 35.55%,which was significantly higher than 24.31%of male students.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the frequency of breakfast for different gender students,whether they were hungry in the last class in the morning,or the frequency of leftovers in school(P>0.05).The frequency of breakfast intake of students from different grades,whether the last class in the morning was hungry or the frequency of leftovers in school were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The correct rate of nutrition knowledge of students is low,the daily breakfast intake rate needs to be improved,and the leftover behavior is not optimistic.The nutrition knowledge education of primary and middle school students should be strengthened to cultivate healthy eating behavior.