江苏茭白调查研究的初步总结

THE WATER-BAMBOO IN KIANGSU PROVINCE

本文系作者于1959—1964年,对江苏地区茭白进行调查研究的初步总结。文中初步分析了茭白生长和“孕茭”等主要生物学特性及群众丰产栽培的经验。提出茭白生长孕茭对于水肥、温度条件的严格要求,品种种性迅速分化和株丛越年衰退等特性,是决定栽培措施的重要因素。初步明确:适时移栽,合理密植,施足基肥,分期追肥,疏墩壅根,管好水层,精选种株,防止“灰茭”和“雄茭”等技术措施,是茭白丰产栽培的关键。

1. Water-bamboo (Zizania Caduciflora Hand-Mazz.) is a common aquetic vegetable in Eastern China. The rate of growth was found to be effected significantly by air temperature. The plant starts to grow in spring at temperature above 5 ℃ . It grows rapidly at the tempera-ture above 15 ℃ . The several joints of the stem near the soil surface will swell out into a fleshy stock. At the temperature below 5 ℃ , its growth ceases in winter.2. Owing to the spawns of Ustilago esculenta living in the young flower stem, the tissue of stem will swell out gradually. This phenomenon is used to be called "Pregnancy of water bamboo". The optimum temperature for "pregnancy" is usually from 15 ℃ to 25 ℃ . The whole period of "pregnancy" is about 14-18 days. When the leaf-sheathes, covering each other on the fleshy stem, splitting a rent in the middle and exposing a little white part of the fleshy stem, it is the suitable time for harvest of water-bamboo.3. There are two kinds of water bamboo in Kiangsu. One is harvested both in autumn this year and in summer next year. The other is harvested only once in autumn.4. Water-bamboo is propagated by asexual method with tillers and suckers. So we must select the good parent plants for propagation. They are short in length and weak in growth. The fleshy stem is abundant and tidy.5. The main methods for a high yield of water-bamboo, are as following: furnished with plentiful manure and water, adopted a suitable plant density with about 4000 caves per mow, thinned the crowded tillers and added soils to its roots in spring, pulled away the yellow withered leaves of the plant, etc.