复合涂膜结合紫外线照射对牡丹切花品质的影响

Effects of Applying a Compound Coating with Ultraviolet Irradiation on the Quality of Fresh-cut Tree Peonies

为延长牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa)鲜切花的保鲜时间,利用聚乙烯醇、壳聚糖、柠檬酸、甘油、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、纳他霉素制成复合涂膜保鲜剂,在20~25℃及相对湿度68%~86%条件下采用高压电动喷涂工艺并结合紫外线照射技术处理‘洛阳红’牡丹切花,考察对切花品质及寿命的影响。结果表明:该方法可显著增强切花的弹性和坚韧性,较好地保持切花色泽,减少水分损失,同时抑制霉菌和酵母菌的增长。通过二次多项式逐步回归法建立各因素与瓶插寿命之间的数学方程,并得到最佳复合涂膜配方与紫外处理参数为:聚乙烯醇35 mg·mL-1,壳聚糖21 mg·mL-1,纳他霉素1.0 mg·mL-1,SDS 2.1 mg·mL-1,柠檬酸5.4 mg·mL-1,在紫外线强度为90μW·cm-2、波长为253.7 nm时处理20 min。本处理方法可使牡丹鲜切花的瓶插寿命保持12 d。

To extend the preserving time of fresh-cut tree peonies,a compound coating antistaling agent was developed using polyvinyl alcohol,chitosan,citric acid,glycerol,sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)and natamycin. Then the‘Luoyanghong'(Paeonia suffruticosa)peonies were processed applying ultraviolet(UV)irradiation and high-pressure electric spraying technology at room temperature 20–25 ℃with the relative humidity of 68%–86% in order to investigate the effects on the quality and preserving time of fresh-cut tree peonies. The results showed that the method in this study could reduce water loss efficiently,keep the desirable color better,enhance the elasticity and firmness of the fresh-cut peonies significantly,and inhibit the growth of mould and yeast as well. An equation developed through quadratic polynomial stepwise regression was used to obtain the optimum proportion for the ingredients of the compound coating,which were polyvinyl alcohol 35 mg · mL-1,chitosan 21 mg · mL-1,natamycin 1.0 mg · mL-1,SDS 2.1 mg · mL-1 and citric acid 5.4 mg · mL-1 respectively. Additionally,the most suitable UV irradiation duration was 20 minutes with the irradiation intensity 90 μW · cm-2 at wavelength 253.7 nm. In conclusion,the method used here could prolong the vase life of fresh-cut tree peonies to 12 days.