梨子花发育对果实品质的影响

The Effect of Inflorescence Duplication on the Fruit Quality of Asian Pear Cultivars

选择梨主栽品种‘丰水’、‘黄金’、‘新高’、‘鸭梨’、‘茌梨’和‘绿宝石’等为试材,对梨子花发育状况以及对果实品质的影响进行了调查研究。结果显示:梨不同品种子花发生率差异明显,‘丰水’、‘黄金’、‘新高’等砂梨系统品种子花发生率比‘鸭梨’、‘茌梨’和‘绿宝石’等白梨系统品种高;在结果枝类型上,短果枝的子花发生率比长果枝高;在结果母枝类型及生长势的强弱上,1年生弱枝的子花发生率比强枝高,2年生枝比3年生枝高;在同一花枝上中部子花发生率高;子花的开花期比母花晚1~2 d,小花数在3~6朵之间,开花顺序与母花相反,为中心花先开,中心果发育最快。子花所结果实比母花果实小,商品价值低。因此,梨生产上子花的及早摘除有利于果品质量的提高。

The major cultivars Housui,Whangkeumbae,Nitaka,Yali,Chili and Lübaoshi were used as materials to study the effects of inflorescence duplication on fruit quality. The results showed that the incidence rate of inflorescence duplication has a significant difference among pear cultivars. Pyrus pyrifolia had a higher incidence rate of inflorescence duplication than that of P. bretschneideri,and there was a higher value in the short fruit branch comparison with long fruit branch for the incidence rates of inflorescence duplication. The incidence rate of weak branch was higher than strong branches for 1-year spurs flower-bud,and it was high in the branches of 2-year spur flower-bud than that of 3-year branches;On the same branches,incidence rate of middle part high than other parts. The inflorescence duplication flowering period later than primary flowers 1 or 2 d,floret number between 3 and 6,center flowers to open early,center fruit grows rapidly. The fruit of inflorescence duplication was small than the primary flowers,which has low commodity value. In the pear production,early removal of the inflorescence duplication is beneficial to the improvement of fruit quality.