玫瑰不同品种花瓣挥发性成分分析

Petal Volatile Components Among Different Varieties of Rosa rugosa

以同一栽培条件下的5个玫瑰品种盛开期的花瓣为材料,采用顶空固相微萃取(HS–SPME)和气相色谱—质谱联用(GC–MS)技术,定性并定量分析了不同玫瑰的挥发性成分组成及其含量差异。共检测到49种挥发性成分,包括醇类、酯类、醛类、萜烯、酚类、酮类、烷烃、酸类和醚类共9大类。其中,苯乙醇、香茅醇、橙花醇、香叶醇及其乙酸酯类化合物相对含量较高,且在主成分分析中对第一、第二主成分贡献较大,是主要挥发性成分。不同玫瑰品种的主要挥发性成分释放量存在显著差异,其中丰花玫瑰花瓣中香茅醇、香茅醛、乙酸香茅酯的释放量显著高于其他4个品种;单瓣白玫瑰和重瓣红玫瑰中橙花醇、香叶醇、橙花醛、香叶醛,以及β–蒎烯和顺式β–罗勒烯的释放量均显著高于其他品种。聚类分析将5种玫瑰聚为两组,一组为紫枝玫瑰和日本四季玫瑰,另一组为重瓣红玫瑰、单瓣白玫瑰和丰花玫瑰。

The petal volatile components and their contents among five varieties of Rosa rugosa Thunb.were assayed qualitatively and quantitatively by using Head Solid-phase Micro-extraction(HS–SPME)and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC–MS).The compositions and relative contents were analyzed.Forty-nine volatile compounds were detected,including alcohols,esters,aldehydes,terpenes,phenols,ketones,alkanes,acids and ethers.The main volatile components including phenylethyl alcohol,citronellol,nerol,geraniol and their acetate esters were contributed to the first and second principal components in the principal component analysis.The releasing amounts(RA)of the major aromatic components were significantly different among the varieties.There were significantly higher RA of citronellol,citronellal,and citronellol acetate in R.rugosa‘Fenghua’than the other 4 varieties.Moreover,the higher RA of geraniol,geranial,nerol,neral,cis-β-ocimene andβ-pinene were observed in the R.rugosa f.alba and R.rugosa f.plena than the other varieties.Five Rosa rugosa were clustered into two groups by clustering analysis.Among the first group,there were R.rugosa‘Zizhi’and R.rugosa from Japan,while R.rugosa f.alba,R.rugosa f.plena and R.rugosa‘Fenghua’were clustered in the second group.