城市化背景下食物可获得性与居民膳食多样性分析

ANALYSIS OF FOOD ACCESSIBILITY AND DIETARY DIVERSITY IN THE CONTEXT OF URBANIZATION

目的研究城市化水平提高对地区食物可获得性与居民膳食消费多样性的影响。方法以"中国居民健康与营养调查"(CHNS)1997～2011年调查数据为基础,用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾数据衡量食物可获得性与膳食多样性,剔除教育、年龄、性别、家庭收入以及劳动强度的影响之后,分析随着城市化水平的提高,地区食物可获得性与居民膳食多样性的变化趋势。结果 1997～2011年,社区城市化指数均值由52.83提高到77.44,居民3 d内消费食物种类由10.13种提高到17.31种,膳食多样性得分(DDS)由3.70提高到5.06,膳食多样性得到明显改善;城市化对地区食物可获得性和居民膳食多样性有显著的正向影响。结论中国居民的膳食多样性得到明显改善。但不同城市化水平的社区之间还存在一定差距,城市化水平越高,居民拥有的食物可获得渠道越多,其外出就餐的频率越高,膳食多样化程度也越高。应更加关注并设法改善低城市化水平社区居民的膳食质量。[营养学报,2019,41(1):15-19]

Objective To investigate the impact of urbanization on food accessibility and dietary diversity of Chinese residents.Methods The data of'China Health and Nutrition Survey'(1997-2011)were adopted in the analysis.The 24 hour dietary recall data of 3 consecutive days were used to measure food accessibility and dietary diversity.The impact of urbanization on food accessibility and dietary diversity was investigated using multivariable linear regression model.Education,age,gender,income and activity data were also included as confounders in the regression.Results Urbanization index rose dramatically from 52.83 to 77.44 between 1997 and 2011.Dietary diversity also experienced remarkable increase,with the number of food items and DDS growing from 10.13 to 17.31 and from 3.70 to 5.06 respectively.Urbanization contributed to rising food accessibility and dietary diversity in China.Conclusion Dietary diversity of Chinese residents had improved a lot over years,but there was still a gap between communities at different urbanization levels.Residents living in more urbanized communities tend to have better access to food and higher frequency of eating out.Consequently,they usually had a more diverse diet than their counterparts living in less urbanized communities.Policy makers should pay more attention to improve the dietary quality of residents from less urbanized communities.[ACTA NUTRIMENTA SINICA,2019,41(1):15-19]