2Mears G, Ornato JP, Dawson DE. Emergency medical services information systems and a future E MS national database [J ]. Pre- hosp Emerg Care,2002,6( 1 ): 123-130.
3Cooke CR, Iwashyna TJ. Using existing data to address important clinical questions in critical care [J]. Crit Care Med,2013,41(3): 886-896.
4Zhang Z. Big data and clinical research: focusing on the area of critical care medicine in China's Mainland [J]. Qnant Imaging Med Surg,2014,4(5):426-429.
5Begg CB, Cramer LD, Hoskins WJ, et al. Impact of hospital vol- ume on operative mortality for major cancer surgery [J]. JAMA, 1998,280(20): 1747-1751.
6Garout M, Tilney HS, Tekkis PP, et al. Comparison of adminis- trative data with the Association of Coloproctology of Great Brit- ain and Ireland (ACPGBI) colorectal cancer database [J]. Int J Colorectal Dis,2008,23(2): 155-163.
7Murakami A, Hirata Y, Motomura N, et al. The national clinicaldatabase as an initiative for quality improvement in Japan [J]. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2014,47(5):437-443.
8Suzuki H, Gotoh M, Sugihara K, et al. Nationwide survey and establishment of a clinical database for gastrointestinal surgery in Japan: Targeting integration of a cancer registration system and improving the outcome of cancer treatment [J]. Cancer Sci, 2011,102(1):226-230. G.
9otoh M, Miyata I-I, Hashimoto H, et al. National Clinical Data- base feedback implementation for quality improvement of can- cer treatment in Japan: from good to great through transparency [ J ]. Surg Today,2016,46( 1 ):38-47.