巴西土著语言教育政策述评

A review of indigenous language education policies in Brazil

本文通过文献研究,考察了巴西土著语言的教育政策,具体介绍、分析了巴西政府为促进土著语言的传承而制定的政策法规和实践措施,并探讨其动因。研究表明,巴西最主要的政策措施就是建立土著民学校,实行土著语言和官方语言的专门、有区别的双语教学。为此,巴西政府不仅建立了专门的职能部门,而且组织编写适用于不同土著民学校的专用教材,培养土著民双语教师。这些政策措施不仅能促进土著语言的传承,而且也能推动官方语言的传播,加强土著民的国家认同,有利于保障国家的领土和主权完整。

This paper reviews the indigenous language education policies in Brazil,with a special focus on policies aimed at promoting the inheritance of indigenous languages and the motivations of the Brazilian government.The main policy is to set up indigenous language schools and implement bilingual education:the official language plus one indigenous language.Various measures are taken by the Brazilan government,including setting up specialized administrative departments,compiling various special textbooks and training bilingual teachers,which will promote indigenous language inheritance and transmission of the official language,strengthen national identity and defend national sovereignty.