以倡导多元语言能力和多语主义为主要特征的欧洲语言政策再分析

A reanalysis of European language policy characterized by promoting multilingual ability and multilingualism

欧洲是一个拥有多民族、多语言和多元文化的文明大洲,同时又是经济、政治和法律一体化程度极高的世界一极,在如此语境下产生的欧洲语言政策更加彰显出它的与众不同,因而一直是国内外学者关注和研究的论题。笔者在这几年译介《欧洲语言共同参考框架》和《多元语言和多元文化教育思想引论》之后,对欧洲的语言政策、发展机制及其本质特征有了进一步的了解和认识。为此,本文首先介绍和分析欧洲语言政策的主导机制及其缘由,然后梳理并审视欧洲语言政策的法律框架,最后的重点在于揭示欧洲语言政策的三个主要特征:于人,强调多元语言能力,于机制,奉行多语主义;语言政策和语言教育政策相辅相成;欧洲语言政策是欧洲理事会、欧洲联盟和成员国三方联动、互动与协商合作的结果。

Europe is a continent of civilization with multiple nationalities,languages and cultures.It is also one of the most integrated poles of the world in the domain of economics,politics and laws.European language policy in this context is therefore different,and has always been an issue of concern and research by scholars in China and abroad.This paper will firstly introduce and analyze the main mechanism and reasons of European language policy,then review and examine its legal framework,and at last reveal the three main features of European language policy,that is,emphasizing multilingual competences for European citizens and multilingualism in institutions.Language policy and language education policy complement with each other and European language policy is the result of interaction and cooperation between the European Council,the European Union and the member states.