印度语言规划与语言安全问题

Language planning and language security in India

印度自独立以来,语言安全问题一直都是印度政府面临的重要问题,语言安全得不到保障的问题严重制约了印度的现代化发展进程。本文通过对印度独立后的语言安全问题进行梳理,从宏观、中观、微观三个层面分析印度中央政府从单语主义到“三语模式”的规划,缓和了社会的语言矛盾和冲突,逐步实现语言的和谐之境。但“三语模式”后,随着印度社会的发展,一些新的安全隐患逐步暴露出来,引发了印度学者的思考,而印度政府也正在采取一系列措施加以应对。从印度的语言安全问题可以看出,语言可以在主观和客观上放大国家各层面、各领域中问题的冲突和差异,而合理的语言规划则可以成为政府处理语言安全问题的有效手段和方式。

Since its independence,India has always been confronted with the issue of language security,which has seriously restricted its modernization.This paper attempts to demonstrate how Indian government eases language contradictions and conflicts in society by analyzing the language planning and security issues after its independence.However,with the development of Indian society,some new hidden dangers of security gradually emerged.The Indian government is also taking a series of measures to deal with them.According to language issues in India,language planning becomes an effective method for the government to deal with language security issues.