宾馆火灾逃生调查

Investigation of fire evacuation in guesthouse

通过对 5起中小型宾馆火灾中的 5 5名人员的逃生问卷调查 ,了解火灾现场及逃生人员的基本概况、火灾发生时人员所处的初始环境状态、火灾逃生行为反应及逃生途中的信息。研究表明 ,中小型宾馆类建筑在火灾时 ,服务人员和安全保卫人员能忠于职守 ,有效组织引导旅客疏散 ,是宾馆安全疏散的基本保障 ;疏散楼梯分隔使用 ,是造成火灾重大伤亡事故的主要原因 ;疏散标志失效 ,加重了火灾伤亡 ;疏散楼梯被封堵 ,加重了灾情。分析总结的火灾逃生经验 ,对于中小型宾馆类建筑逃生设计提供了可以借鉴的资料。

According to statistics based on questionnairy about the evacuation of 55 occupants in five small and medium-sized guesthouse fire cases,this paper focus on the general situation of fire scene and the occupant that succeed to escape,the initial environment conditiion that occupants situated at the beginning of fire,and the information of the behavioral response of people.The study reveals that the basic support for safety evacuation of guesthouse is tat attendants and safeguards can be to their duty and guide guests to escape successfully when the fire takes place.The leading reason caused major accident is that the separation of owner ship right from right use make escape stair cut off.The evacuation sign covered by stack gas become invalid in a short time,this may also aggravate injuries and deaths in fire,but sometimes some means that are not designed for escape have a significant effect on the evacuation process.The emergency staircase used as storeroom not only lose exit but also become passageway wthere the fire can spread.The experience of evacuation analyzed in this paper has provided data for escape design of small and medium-sized guesthouse building.