“永嘉杂剧”应成立于北宋

“Yongjia zaju”Should Be Developed in the Northern Song Dynasty

在"南曲戏文"的形成过程中,"永嘉(温州)杂剧"介于初起源生的"鹘伶声嗽"小戏与发展完成的"南戏"大戏之间。释文莹《玉壶野史》载韩熙载"与宾客生旦杂处",其"生旦"二字与戏曲关系密切;马令《南唐书》形容韩氏"猱杂侍婢,入末念酸",而此前的《江南野史》也有"入末"之语,皆指唐参军戏将要进入宋的"杂剧"阶段,说明是在演出以"末"色歌唱为主的令人笑乐的新剧种。这种"杂剧"在北方称为"么末",省称"末";就南方剧种来说,很可能就是"永嘉(温州)杂剧"。这时的"永嘉(温州)杂剧",已具有"生旦"脚色,也是很可能的。因此,其由"鹘伶声嗽"发展为具有"生旦"脚色的"永嘉(温州)杂剧",起码要提前到释文莹著成《玉壶野史》的北宋神宗元丰年间(1078~1085)。

In the development of'Southern qu and local opera of Wenzhou,''Yongjia zaju'serves as a transitional form towards the full-blown'Southern Local Opera'Based on a textual research of such historical records as Yuhu Yeshi,Nantang Shu and Jiangnan Yeshi,'Yongjia zaju'should be developed between 1078 and 1085in the Northern Song Dynasty.