中国民族地区的语言区域与语言应用模式论

Language Zones and Language Use Patterns in Ethnic Minority Regions of China

中国许多少数民族在语言类型上存在显著差异,给各族之间的交流和合作带来障碍。为改善这种状况,国家在积极推动边疆地区的"双语教育"。为了解少数民族地区学校和民间的语言学习发展趋势,以便国家做出更合理的规划,本文提出"族群文化区隔"这一概念,并根据多民族聚居区各族人口比例这一指标提出多种实用性语言组合的"生活语区"与"学习与就业语区"的概念,进而以新疆维吾尔自治区及其下属的喀什地区为例说明了这一组概念的实际应用。可为在每个具体地区和基层学校因地制宜地推行双语教育提供有益的参考。

Many languages of China's ethnic minorities belong to different language families and they are distinct from each other in linguistic typology, which hinders the communication and interaction among ethnic groups. With the development of a market economy and growing population mobility, there is a remarkable increase of communication among ethnic groups. Moreover, the requirements of the urban labor market enhance people's command of the national common language. In order to improve the employment situation for ethnic minorities as well as to promote contact and exchanges among them, the government is actively promoting 'Bilingual Education' in border areas. Considering the long-term prospects for China's development, the government needs to investigate the trend of language learning in and out of schools, and propose plans accordingly. Using a study of language and identity in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and its affi liated Kashgar Prefecture as a case, this article proposes the concepts of an 'Ethnic Culture Segment', a 'Daily Use Language Zone', and a 'Learning and Employment Language Zone'. These concepts can be useful in carrying out bilingual education in autonomous and schools in line with local conditions.