印尼华族集聚区语言景观与族群认同——以峇淡、坤甸、北干巴鲁三地为例

Linguistic Landscape and Ethnic Identity of Chinese Ethnic Communities in Indonesia——A Study in Batam, Pontianak, and Pekanbaru

本文以少数族群的语言景观为研究视角,考察印尼峇淡、坤甸、北干巴鲁三地华族集聚区华语标牌与族群认同之间的互动关系。具体内容包括标牌内容与华人族群感知、标牌语码参数与华人族群态度、标牌文字顺序与华族行为模式、标牌功能与华人族群认同等的关系。此外,通过对三地196位华人的问卷调查和110位华人的口头访谈,发现其族群认同、语言能力、语言使用等存在较高的一致性,已形成华人言语社区。此次考察也显示,判断少数族群的言语社区是否形成,其公共空间的语言景观应成为重要的参照指标。因为对于少数族群而言,族群语言景观是增强族群语言活力、构建族群认同的重要手段。

This article investigates the ethnic identity construction of the overseas Chinese communities living in Batam, Pontianak, and Pekanbaru, Indonesia, from the perspective of a minority linguistic landscape. The present research includes four aspects: the content analysis of public billboards and ethnic awareness; the parameter analysis of the codes used in public billboards and the ethnic attitudes; the word sequence analysis of public billboards and the behavior patterns; and the function of public billboards and ethnic identity. The research used 196 questionnaires and interviewed 110 ethnic Chinese Indonesians. The results show a strong consistency in the ethnic identity, language attitude, and language ability, which in turn indicates that Chinese speech communities have been developed in these regions. Furthermore, it shows that the linguistic landscape is an important aspect in evaluating the formation of a speech community in an ethnic minority group because the ethnolinguistic landscape can serve as an important means of reinforcing ethnolinguistic vitality and establishing ethnic identity.