城市化进程中的方言习用与国家认同

The Acquisition and Use of Dialects and the National Identity in the Course of Urbanization

本文对城市化进程中进城务工人员使用普通话及其习用家乡话与流入地方言的现象进行观察,探讨这些现象与国家认同之间的一些关系。首先从能力获得机制和动力推动机制两方面分析进城务工人员及其子女在普通话、家乡话及流入地方言习用方面的相关表现;其次从第二代的去与留、户籍管理的近与远、不同方言区城市的语言习用的显与潜、思潮舆论的守与发等四个角度探讨城市化进程中方言习用与国家认同之间存在的问题。建议:重视语言规划的制订与动态功能分层落实,推动方言习用和谐共生;重视语言教育中的语言观的教育引导,建立其与国家认同之间的必然联系;重视语言生活中的语言服务的质量效益,充分体现出一种国家责任;重视语言生活中专家队伍的建设和相关应对机制的设置,为协调好国家通用语言普及背景下的方言习用与国家认同之间的关系提供科学有力的学术支持。

This article exams some phenomena concerning migrant workers' use of hometown dialects and the acquisition/use of Putonghua and host town dialects.It explores the interactions between these phenomena and national identity construction.The fi rst section gives a background introduction.The second section analyzes migrant workers and their children's use of Putonghua,hometown dialects and host town dialects from the perspectives of acquisition and motivation.The third part,through the perspectives of migrant's prospect of settling down in the host towns,residential permit management,relationships among hometown language,host town language and national language,and the media's roles,discusses some predominant issues concerning the relationship between language use/acquisition and national identity construction.The articles concludes with four specifi c suggestions for how to deal with the issues raised above.