汉语国际传播的理论维度

The Theoretic Dimensions of Chinese Language International Spread

理想或成功的汉语国际传播,实质是具有厚度的传播过程文本的生产和再生产,而每一次生产和再生产,都需要以这种文本的内在连贯性、一致性、统一性为重要条件。汉语国际传播过程中的各种解体力量都程度不同地威胁到一种连贯、一致、统一的传播过程文本的形成,从而造成传播不成功的结果。但是,这种传播文本的非连贯性和不一致性并非毫无意义,也不只是存在消极作用。这些文本解体力量对于对话者达成理解和共识所需要的文本连贯性和一致性构成了障碍,而这种障碍本身蕴含着克服障碍的意义,激发起追求互动新奇的跨文化传播实践者的对话兴趣,使得汉语国际传播本身拥有母语共同体成员之间日常互动实践所不具有的特殊意义。汉语母语携带者与对象国社会成员之间的互动在各类交际实践中障碍最多,共识最难达成,但也是一种具有张力和新奇的交流,在很多情况下也最容易转变为意义丰富、魅力无穷的交流。

This article attempts to address the issues concerning Chinese language overseas spread from a theoretic perspective. An idealized or successful Chinese international communication ought to be taken as production and reproduction of a communicative process text, which has a complex set of meaningful layers rather than a linear mode of speech. Each textual production and reproduction is regulated or even controlled largely by its immanent consistency, coherency and unity. However, a variety of deconstructive factors can pose a threat to the formation of this consistent, coherent and unitary text of communicative process, to the extent that it may lead to an unsuccessful communication. Nonetheless, such inconsistency and incoherency of communicative text are by no means meaningless or negative. Although these deconstructive forces are barriers to a mutual understanding and for consensus to be reached between participants of a dialogue, they are bound to be necessary for overcoming the barriers, and to stimulate an urge to converse across cultures and communities. This cross-cultural communicative situation therefore has a special signifi cance different from what one may appreciate in a mother tongue setting. Carriers of Chinese as a mother tongue may face toughest barriers and lowest agreement in communicating with an alien partner, but also a tensest and most astonishing communication, which is likely to be transformed into a meaningful and attractive communication.