国外八大濒危语言保护项目成效、特点与启示

International Endangered-Language Protection Projects: Effect, Features and Implications

介绍国外八个濒危语言保护项目,论述分析其目标导向、手段科学的特点以及规范不足问题。国外濒危语言保护项目都是以目标导向来管理、运营和实施的。目标导向明确了项目自身的使命,能够更有针对性地开展工作,从而使得项目实施也更加明晰化;手段科学包括记录科学化、保存科学化以及维护振兴科学化;规范不足导致部分项目材料内容以及形式不同质。中国语言资源保护工程应加快建设"语保工程"的语言资源网站,推进中国境内少数民族语言和方言的语言活力评估,挖掘公众智慧,群策群力工作,注重规范,严控质量。

This paper introduces eight international endangered-language protection projects being carried out in Europe and America, and explains their objectives, progress and achievements. It is shown that these projects share three common characteristics: goal orientation, scientific methods, and a lack of standardization. Among them, goal orientation plays an important role in the management and operation of the international endangered-language protection projects. This strategy serves to clarify the missions of the projects, and eventually makes the implementation more transparent and well-targeted. Scientific methods refer to the documentation, preservation, maintenance and revitalization of endangered languages in scientific ways. However, the lack of standardization results in the inconsistency of language materials and formats in some projects. This paper makes four suggestions for the Project for the Protection of Language Resources of China, including the establishment of language resource website, assessment of the ethnolinguistic vitality of minority languages and dialects in China, activation of collective wisdom, and emphasis on standardization planning.