元好问《论诗三十首》对明清论诗影响

The Influence of Yuan Haowen’s Thirty Poems on Ming and Qing Dynasties

元好问《论诗三十首》金元二朝无闻于士林,入明始受瞿佑注意,方孝孺、徐祯卿、都穆、许学夷等相继关注并有论评,可惜三言两语,点到即止,欠缺全面及深入,对诗坛并未构成影响力,更谈不上推动论诗风气。清初,钱谦益及王士祯,亡国情怀与遗山合,前者仿遗山《中州集》撰《列朝诗集》,后者位高权重,仿遗山作论诗绝句,影响所及,士子跟风。连科场考试题目也曾一度涉及遗山,故此遗山诗文大受士林重视,影响深远。清代论诗之风,澎湃汹涌,终至泛滥。士人作论诗绝句,动辙数十首或过百首,有些诗题盲目加上'仿遗山体'或'遗山体',但内容却全与遗山无涉,甚而扩展至论画、论词、论印、论曲、论泉、论钞、论藏书等。清代学者研究元好问《论诗三十首》,其著者有查慎行、翁方纲、施国祁、宗廷辅。不过,成果颇多争议,尤以翁方纲为甚。其可取者,以施国祁及宗廷辅为优。

Yuan Haowen s Thirty Poems in Analects of Poetry in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties and the Shilin;After entering the Ming Dynasty,the scholar Qu You paid attention to one after another by Fang Xiaoru,Xu Zhenqing,Du Mu,Xu Xueyi and other people.Although they were great scholars,they made comments on Yuan Haowens Thirty Poems,It is a pity that it is just a few words.The point at the end of the sentence is not comprehensive and in-depth.It does not exert any influence on the poetry world,let alone promote the poetic ethos.During the reign of Qing Dynasty and the reign of the Ming Dynasty,the Goddess entered the Central Plains as an alien,and the Ming Dynasty remembered the old country with mixed feelings.At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,Qian Qianyi and Wang Shizhen were in charge of the literary world for several decades.As a result,Wang Shizhen was very fond of Yishan because of the feeling of national subjugation,The former imitates the Zhongzhou Collection of Poetry,while the latter is powerful,imitates the poems of the Shan Dynasty.The influence,scholar follow the wind and become the general mood.As Mount Yi was revered by the government officials,even the examination questions of Yishan were once related to Mount Yishan.Therefore,Mount Yishans poetry was highly regarded by Shi Lin and had far-reaching influence.In the Qing Dynasty,with the development of the historical tide,the wind of poetry was surging and raging,and finally it reached the flood.On that day,the scholars wrote poems and made dozens or more poems,Some poems blindly add copycat mountain style or Yishan style,but the content is not related to the Yishan,its crazy degree can be imagined.The upsurge of poetry is overwhelming,and the search for a way out extends to the diversified creation of painting,ci,seal,song,spring,banknote and collection of books,which is the result of the unexpected result.The scholars of Qing Dynasty studied Yuan Haowens Thirty Poems on Poetry,whose authors are Jing Shenxing,Weng Fanggang,Shi Guoqi and Zong Tingfu.However,the results of their research are controversial,especially in the case of Ong Fang Gang,whose arguments are rather biased.Generally speaking,the above-mentioned four opinions on the Thirty Poems of Yuan Haowen,the best of which is Shi Guoqi and Zong Tingfu.