新型表面活性剂烷基糖苷的合成试验

Experimental Investigation on Synthesis of the Surfactant Alkyl Polyglucoside from Starch

以葡萄糖、月桂醇为原料,采用直接合成法进行月桂基葡萄糖苷的合成试验,探讨了反应温度、压力、催化剂用量(剂糖比)、原料配比(月桂醇与葡萄糖摩尔比)对反应速率及产品质量的影响。结果表明,温度及催化剂用量对反应速率的影响符合向下弯曲的抛物线,其最佳操作温度为120℃,最佳剂糖质量比为0 008∶1;提高反应真空度,可提高合成反应速率,但当操作压力降到4KPa以下时,继续降低操作压力,对提高反应速度贡献很小;提高醇糖摩尔比,反应速率逐渐增大,当醇糖比达到5～6∶1时,反应速率达到最大,而后随着月桂醇量的进一步增加,反应速率反而有下降的趋势。

In the paper,synthetic tests of alkyl polyglucoside (APG) were carried out by the homogeneous catalysis reaction with lauryl alcohol and glucose.The effects of the operation temperature,pressure,catalysts quantity and raw material ratios and quantity of product were investigated.The results indicate that the effects of temperature and catalysts quantity on reaction rate are like a parabola with a downward curvature,and the optimum temperature is about 120℃,the optimum ratio of catalysts quantity and glucose is 0.008∶1.The reaction rate for synthesis of APG is increased when the reaction pressure is decreased,but the rate increase will become unremarkable unless the pressure is less than 4kPa.The reaction rate is gradually increased when the molar ratios of lauryl alcohol and glucose is increased,and the reaction rate has a maxium value when it is 5～6∶1.