Toll样受体及其在脓毒症中的作用

Toll-like receptors and their role in sepsis

Toll样受体 (TLR)是一组属于一类受体的跨膜蛋白 ,1 0个成员 (TLR 1～ 1 0 ) ,是诱发机体先天性免疫反应的主要刺激物 ,广泛分布于机体的不同组织和细胞中。各种微生物一旦侵入体内 ,先天性免疫系统能识别这一潜在威胁 ,唤醒机体的适当反应以控制和根除这些病原微生物。TLR家族成员在不同组织中与不同微生物成分的特异性结合 ,起着细胞内、外信号传导作用 ,在很大程度上决定了宿主与病原微生物相互作用的最终结果。作者集中讨论了TLR在机体早期防御体系中的作用 。

The Toll like receptors(TLRs)are essential transmembrane signaling receptors of the innate immune system that alert the host to the presence of a microbial invader.The recent discovery of the TLR has rapidly expanded our knowledge of molecular events that initiate host pathogen interactions.These functional attributes of the cellular receptors provide insights into the nature of pattern recognition receptors that activate the human antimicrobial defense systems.The fundamental significance of the TLR in the generation of systemic inflammation and the pathogenesis of septic shock is reviewed. The potential clinical implications of therapeutic modulation of these recently characterized receptors of innate immunity are also discussed.