农民收入增幅持续下降的制度性原因分析——当前保护农民利益的深层思考

An Analysis of Institutional Causes for the Sustained Drop of the Inc reasing Rate of Farmers' Income

近年来我国农民收入增幅持续下降 ,其深层次原因是制度性的 :一是产权不明的农地制度 ,农地产权主体不明 ,使土地及其资金在“征地”过程中大量流失 ,农民既失地又失业 ;二是城乡分隔的户籍制度 ,将我国人口的大多数拒在“城门”之外 ,长期凝固在少量的耕地上 ,农业超小规模经营、效益低下 ;三是城乡有别的二元公共产品供给制度 ,城镇居民的公共产品由政府供给 ,农村的公共产品主要由农民自我供给 ,农民负担加重。

The increase rate of a Chinese farmers income has been a sustained drop for recent years, which is converse to our macro-economic environment. Ther e are many causes underlying it, and the in-depth cause accounts for the system is sues. One of them is about unclear property relations between farmer and farmland syst em, which leads to a big loss of land and funds in the course of requisition of land and a loss of farmers fields and jobs. The second is about the residential system wi th a division between urban and rural areas, which prevents the majority population o f farmers from flowing into cities. That is the reason why they work in a few fiel ds for so long a period and why the agricultural production is so extremely small-scale d and inefficient. The third one is about the two different public product supply syst ems between urban and rural areas, which means the government provides public produc ts for urban residents, while rural public products are provided by farmers themsel ves, thus burdening the farmers and reducing their income.