双峰驼脾脏的组织形态学观察

Observation on the Histomorphology of the Spleen in the Bactrian Camels(Camelus bactrianus)

骆驼脾脏的形状和其它动物明显不同,为镰形,外缘呈锯齿状。其被膜很厚,富含平滑肌和弹性纤维,平滑肌层比结缔组织层厚,主要由相互垂直的两层构成。次级平滑肌性小梁发达,相互交织成网状,构成红髓的主要支架。白髓有典型的脾小结和动脉周围淋巴鞘,无边缘窦。边缘区明显,分布在脾小结、动脉周围淋巴鞘周围,可见大量吞噬含铁血黄素、ACP活性很强的巨噬细胞,开口于此的中央动脉分支十分丰富。鞘毛细血管主要分布在边缘区,其次是脾索的滤过区,白髓发达的个体更为多见,常见红细胞从椭球漏出,但胞质中未见含铁血黄素,ACP呈色反应呈阴性。脾索滤过区可见大量的毛细血管和吞噬有含铁血黄素、ACP活性很强的巨噬细胞。脾窦十分发达,窦壁细胞ACP和AKP均呈强阳性,窦腔中也有上述巨噬细胞。淋巴细胞在脾脏中的分布和其它动物及人相似。上述结果证实,骆驼脾脏属于免疫功能很强的防御性脾。

The shape of the spleen in the bactrian camel is sickleshaped with sawtooth shape of the outer edge,which is rather different from those of other animals.The results from histology and histochemistry observations showed that the capsule of camel spleen is very thick,rich in smooth muscle and elastic fiber.The smooth muscle is mainly consisted of two layers,which are vertically formed each other,and thicker than connective tissue layer.The plenty of secondary smooth muscle trabeculae form the important framework of red pulp.The white pulp is well developed with typical splenic nodule and periarterial lymphatic sheath,no marginal sinuses.The marginal zone is clearly observed with lots of with ACP activities macrophages containing hemosiderin.There are many branches of central artery at marginal zone.Sheathed capillaries are rich,specially,those of individual camel with welldeveloped white pulp,the leakage of red cells through its vessel wall is often observed,but hemosiderin is not seen in the plasma of vessel wall cells,which are ACP negative reaction.Sheathed capillaries are mainly distributed in the marginal zone and the filtering area of splenic cord with plentiful capillaries and a numbers of the macrophages.Splenic sinuses are well developed.Both ACP and AKP are positive reaction in littoral cells,and their activity is very high.There are also the macrophages in splenic sinuses.The distribution of lymphocytes and other cells in camel spleen is similar to that of other animals and human beings.The above results approve that the spleen of bactrian camel is defense spleen with strong immunity functions.