广西特有杜鹃花种群特征研究

Studies on the population features of endemic species of Rhododendron in Guangxi

(1 )广西特有杜鹃花在水平地带性植被典型常绿阔叶林、季风常绿阔叶林和季节性雨林都有分布 ,但主要分布在典型常绿阔叶林垂直带谱上的针阔混交林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林和山顶矮林 ;(2 )从 1 2种广西特有杜鹃花样方资料统计看 ,乔木层中最常见的科是壳斗科、山茶科和樟科等 ,这些科都是我国亚热带典型常绿阔叶林代表科 ,这就同样说明了广西特有杜鹃花的主要分布区域系在亚热带山地常绿阔叶林的垂直带谱中 ;(3 )绝大多数广西特有杜鹃花种类分布的生境条件十分恶劣 ,这间接说明了广西特有杜鹃花多是一些古老的残遗种 ;(4 )广西特有杜鹃花同其他杜鹃花一样 ,均需要土壤呈酸性、气温偏低 ,相对湿度大于 80 %的环境条件。这些特点在我们引种杜鹃花时必须加以考虑。

Endemic species of Rhododendron in Guangxi are distributed in typical evergreen broadleaves forest,monsoon evergreen broad leaves forest and seasonal tropical rain forest of horizontal vegetation. They are most abundant in coniferous-broadleaves forest,evergreen deciduous broad leaves forest and mountaintop bosquet belonging to evergreen broadleaves forest vertical belt; (2)According to sampling information statistics,Fagaceae,Theaceae and Lauraceae often appeare in tree layer of endemic Rhododendron communities,these families are representative families in typical evergreen forest in sub-tropical zone,it also proves that endemic species of Rhododendron mainly distribute in vertical belt of sub-tropical evergreen forest; (3)The ecotype conditions of Rhododendron distribution are inferior. It show that most endemic species of Rhododendron in Guangxi are antiquated survival; (4)Endemic species of Rhododendron in Guangxi as well as other species of Rhododendron need conditions of acid soil,lower temperate and over 80% relative humidity. These features are consideredable when we introduce wild Rhododendron into growing.