染料通用性的研究进展

Recent Progress in Universal Dyes

每一类型染料由于自身结构和性质特点决定它只能对与它具有亲和力的纤维进行染色,否则无法获得良好的染色效果。如果能用同一只染料对不同类型的纤维进行染色将有重要的现实意义,称之为染料的通用性。本文回顾了实现染料通用性的两种可能途径的研究进展,包括对纤维的改性和对染料的改性。研究涉及新型染料分子结构的设计和合成,该染料分子具有在染浴之外不需进行其它的化学反应就对所有的纤维具有亲和力的特性,因此能在同一染浴中对不同结构类型的纤维进行染色,本文称该新型染料为通用染料。同时还提出通用染料分子的设计原则和需要解决的关键问题。

The unique structure and properties of each dye class allow dyes of that class to dye only those fibers with which they have affinity. Satisfactory dyeing results can only be obtained when this mutual affinity exists. Therefore, it would be of immediate practical significance if there was a universal dye, one dye that could be applied to different types of fibers. There are two possible means to achieve this: the modification of fibers and modification of dyes. This study reviews the design and synthesis of new dyes, called Universal Dyes, that would provide the features required for affinity to different fibers without the need to conduct separate chemical reactions outside the dye bath. Thus, these dyes can be applied to fibers of any type in the same dyebath. The principles and key problems in designing the molecular structure of Universal Dyes are also discussed.