坡面侵蚀形态转变过程的REE示踪法研究

Using REE Tracers to Measure Sheet Erosion Changing to Rill Erosion

利用REE元素示踪法,采取沿坡面垂直分层布设的新的试验布设方法,通过室内模拟降雨试验,研究了次降雨条件下坡面侵蚀形态的转变过程和细沟的发育发展过程。研究结果表明,降雨初期坡面以面蚀为主,细沟出现后,坡面侵蚀将加快加剧;随着降雨时间的延续,累积面蚀量和细沟累积侵蚀量都将逐渐增加,后者的增加速率大于前者,面蚀所占总侵蚀量的百分比随降雨时间呈曲线形式逐渐递减,细沟侵蚀则逐渐增加;试验结束时细沟侵蚀量分别为面蚀量的4～5倍。本研究为定量区分片蚀和细沟侵蚀量以及坡面侵蚀过程中片蚀向细沟侵的转变以细胞侵蚀发生、发育提供了新的思路和解决途径。

Rare earth element tracer methods was used to study sheet erosion changing to rill erosion on slope land. By placing different rare earth elements of different soil depth across a slope in an indoor plot, two simulated rainfalls were applied to study the change of erosion type and the rill erosion process. The results indicate that the main erosion type is sheet erosion at the beginning of the rainfalls, and serious erosion happens after rill erosion appeared. Accumulated sheet and rill erosion amounts increase with the rainfalls time. The percentage of sheet erosion amount decreases and rill erosion percentage increases with time. At the end of the rainfalls, the total rill erosion amounts are 4.3 and 5 times more than in sheet erosion. In this paper, a new REE tracer method was used to quantitatively distinguish sheet and rill erosion amounts. The new REE tracer method should be useful to future studying of erosion processes on slope lands.