世纪之交的科学史学:再论美英科学史研究的学术走向

The historiography of science at the turn of the century: a rediscussion of the trend of researches on the history of science in England and the U.S.A.

上个世纪80年代以来,科学史学有了新的变化,科学史学家们不再崇尚单一的研究传统和史学方法,注重从多层面、多视角、多元化的方法研究科学史的发展,研究方法由极端的对立逐步走向互补与融合.通过对内史、外史、移时史、历时史以及科学史学研究进程的考察,以把握世纪之交国际科学史研究的新动向.

Since the 1980s, the historiography of science has developed to a new era in which approaches of disunity have been emphasized and the extreme approach has been spurned. The historians of science are researching into the historical development of science in a multi-angle, multi-dimensional and pluralistic approaches. This paper endeavors to grasp the new trend of the international study on the history of science at the turn of the century, through a review of the internal history, external history, anachronical history, diachronical history and of the approaches of the historiography of science.