石灰性土壤中花生耐低铁基因型差异的研究

Study on tolerance to iron deficiency in peanut genotypes on calcareous soils

以土培和田间试验相结合的方法,评价52个花生品种在石灰性土壤上的耐低铁性。(1)不同花生品种苗期耐低铁性存在显著的基因型差异,主要表现为苗期干物重、新叶叶绿素值、活性铁含量的差异,以这3个指标进行系统聚类分析,初步把 52个花生品种分为 5类,从Ⅰ至Ⅴ类耐低铁能力逐步减弱。(2)田间试验表明开花期是花生对低铁胁迫最敏感的时期;与耐低铁品种相比,铁敏感品种在石灰性土壤上的产量较低,单株饱果数较少。豫花7号、农大818、95-3、79266、徐花4号等为耐低铁品种,对铁胁迫反应不敏感,可在低铁条件下获得较高的产量。

Tolerance to Fe deficiency of 52 peanut cultivars on calcareous soils were evaluated based on potted experiment and filed test. The results in screening test at seedling stage showed that there were great differences in tolerance among the 52 cultivars involued. Based on the cultivars analysis about the dry matter, SPAD, active Fe content, the cultivars were classified into 5 types, which could indicate the difference in tolerance to Fe deficiency. From the first type to the fifth, the tolerance decreased in turn. It could be attained through the field test that the flowering stage was the most sensitive stage to iron deficiency. Compared with the highly tolerance cultivars, the yield of sensitive cultivars on calcareous soils was much lower and the numbers of full pods per plant was less. Yu- hua -- 7, Nongda 818, 95 -- 3, 79266, Xuhua 4 were suitable to plant on calcareous soils.