美味猕猴桃优良株系“实美”的砧木选择研究

Study on the selection of rootstocks for the good clone“Shimei” of Actinidia deliciosa

美味猕猴桃优良株系“实美”的接穗嫁接于 1 0个不同种类的砧木上 ,观测其嫁接体的亲和力、生长特性、开花结果习性、抗逆性、产量、果实品质等。结果表明 :“实美”以中华猕猴桃桂海 4号为砧木 ,具有良好的亲和力 ,嫁接成活率达 1 0 0 % ,接合部位断裂率仅 5 % ;5年生植株保存率 1 0 0 % ,生长指数高达 0 .9,病死株率为 0 ;物候期相对稳定 ,萌芽率和结果枝率高 ;连续 3年的平均产量极显著地高于其它 9种砧木的产量 ;果实内含物丰富 ,品质优良。根据观测结果 ,可以认为中华猕猴桃桂海 4号是“实美”的优良砧木。

The graft affinity,the habits of growth,flowering and fruiting,the resistance to adversity,yields and fruit qualities for “Shimei” of Actinidia deliciosa grafted on ten different rootstocks were observed. The results were as follows: (a)The graft affinity was excellent when A.chinensis Guihaia 4 was selected as the rootstock for “Shimei”,while the survival rate of grafting was 100%,the breaking in graft union was merely 5% contrarily. (b)The rate of conservation for five-year vines was 100%,the index of growth was 0.9 and the rate of dead plants was null. (c)Its phenologic stage was relatively steady and the rate of budding and yielding branches were high. (d)Its average yield of the three-year successively was higher than that of the other nine rootstocks. (e)And its fruits possessed with abundant contents and fine qualities. In accordance with the observation results,it might be regarded that A. chinensis Guihaia 4 was the fine rootstock for “Shimei”.