碳酸盐研究与其记录的环境变化

Study on Carbonates and its Record for Environmental Changes

国际性的全球变化研究开展数十年来,针对不同的研究载体建立了大量有效而实用的古气候环境代用指标,作者对应用较广,指示意义相对明确的各类载体碳酸盐最近几年的研究工作进行了综述。综合国内外的研究成果表明,湖泊、黄土、洞穴、海洋沉积碳酸盐矿物及其微量元素、同位素分布特征普遍记录了全球或区域古气候环境演变历史,可以从中提取大量定量化的古气候参数,但以前的工作侧重过程研究,涉及机理的探索较少,特别是碳酸盐矿物及其元素、同位素分布特征变化的化学机理,不同影响因素的重要程度等方面的基础理论尚未完全理解清楚,是今后需要继续探索的工作。

With the development of researches on global changes, a great amount of proxy indices has been established for different kinds of carrier in recent years. Among these indices,carbonates' characteristics of mineral components, distribution of trace element in them and stable isotopes contained in them have long been important geochemical tracers to indicate environmental changes.Investigations revealed that the distribution of carbonates in lake, loess, ocean and cave sediments as well as the trace elements and isotopes predominantly recorded the evolution of global or regional environments, from which many paleoenvironmental parameters, such as paleotemperature, paleoprecipitation, paleosalinity, and paleozoology can be extracted. However, previous researches laid too much stress on the process study of environmental evolutions, with few explorations of their mechanisms. In particular, the mechanisms of the changes of the distribution of carbonates, as well as their elements and isotopes, the contribution of each factor, and other problems are still unclear,which need still further investigations.