云南铜壁关自然保护区生物多样性保护研究

A Study on the Biodiversity Conservation of the Tongbiguan Nature Reserve in Yunnan

在铜壁关自然保护区综合考察的基础上 ,应用Margalef指数、Simpson指数、Shannon -Wiener指数和Pielou指数测度群落内的多样性 (α多样性 ) ,用Whittaker指数测度群落间的多样性 (β多样性 ) .结果表明 :保护区具有较高的α多样性和β多样性 ;保护区有野生种子植物2 1 4科、1 2 2 9属、3 4 75种 ;热带分布区类型的属共有 85 8属 ,占 73 3 2 %,反映出明显的热带性质 ;有国家级保护植物 5 8种 ,云南省级保护植物 5 2种 ;针对存在的生境片断化、毁林开荒、资源过度利用、森林火灾、旅游等威胁因素 ,提出一系列相应的保护措施 .

Based on the data of the comprehensive survey of the Tongbiguan Nature Reserve by Southwest Forestry College from 1995 to 1999, this paper has mainly researched the features of biodiversity. The Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index are used in α-diversity, while the Whittaker index is used in β-diversity. The results have showed that the reserve is rich in α-diversity as well as in β-diversity. There are 3 475 species of seed plants, belonging to 1 229 genera and 214 families in Tongbiguan. In its floristic composition, 858 genera, 73.32% of the total genera are tropical distribution. So the forest is one part of the tropical flora. This area is the refuge for many plants during Quaternary ice age. Thus, its component is very complex with a lot of rare and endangered species in it, including 58 species at national level and 52 species at provincial level. The threats to biodiversity were caused by unreasonable human activities including deforestation, logging, forest fire, and unmanaged tourism. Some countermeasures are suggested for dealing with the human threats.