“诗可以怨”与“怨而不怒”的再解读

Re-explanation of "Shi Ke Yi Yuan" and "Yuan Er Bu Nu

"诗可以怨"和"怨而不怒"是儒家诗学中两个相互联系的重要命题,对中国古代文学创作有着深远的影响。前人与时贤对这两大命题的单独研究已有很多成果,尤其是钱钟书先生《诗可以怨》一文,对前者的分析已到了鞭辟入里的地步。然而迄今为止,却很少有人将二者联系起来分析。事实上,在中国古代诗歌发展的漫长岁月中,"诗可以怨"和"怨而不怒"这两个命题有着相反相成而又错综复杂的关系,单独分析固然重要,却难免以偏概全。这就需要我们从儒家元典的材料入手,合理说明这两个命题之间的内在联系,并揭橥其背后所隐藏着的"怨"之文化的整体意蕴。

Shi Ke Yi Yuan' and 'Yuan Er Bu Nu' are two important and mutual related propositions in Confucianism poetries which have a far-reaching influence on literature creation in ancient China. Predecessors and contemporary scholars have made many achievements in studying the above two propositions separately, especially Qian Zhongshu, who wrote the assay of 'Shi Ke Yi Yuan', had a penetrating analysis on the former proposition. But so far, no one has done analysis with integrating the two propositions together. Actually, in the long history of the development of Chinese ancient poetry, the two propositions of 'Shi Ke Yi Yuan' and 'Yuan Er Bu Nu' have complicated relation of being both opposite and complementary to each other, analysis on each one separately would have the disadvantage of being partial, though it is important. It is necessary for us to reasonably show the internal relationship between the two propositions and reveal the complete meaning of 'Yuan' which is concealed behind these propositions, from studying the original materials of Confucianism.