物理学与现代科学技术的关系

The Relationship Between Physics and Modern Science and Technology

本文的第一部分论述了物理学与数学、天文学、化学、生物学和地球科学之间的关系，强调了它们之间的相互作用既对物理学有利，也促进了其他学科的发展，而且在往会导致自然科学领域中的重大突破．本文的第二部分论述了物理学与现代技术之间的关系，指出了它们之间的相互作用有两种模式，即技术先导或物理学先导，但强调了物理学在现代技术中的先导作用，并以能源、材料和信息等技术中的一系列实例。阐述了物理学在创建和发展新技术中所起的关键性作用．

The first part of this paper discusses the relationship between physics and other scie nces such as mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, biology and the earth sciences. Through a number of examples we emphasize that mutual interaction is beneficial for physics as well as for other branches of science and often leads to major breakthroughs. The second part deals with the interaction of physics with modern technology. Two different modes of interaction have been found, one whereby technology precedes physics and the other where by physics precedes technology. The latter mode is emphasized and illustrated with a nu mber of examples drawn from diverse fields such as energy resources, materials and informa tion technologies, showing the crucial roles played by physics in the establishment and de velopment of new technologies.