硫化物矿物氧化反应动力学实验研究

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE REACTION KINETICS OF SULFIDE MINERALS OXIDATION

硫化物矿床和含硫化物矿床(如中高硫煤)在开发过程中由于氧化作用向环境释放大量的酸、硫酸盐、重金属及其它有害物质,造成一定范围内的次生地球化学异常和环境污染;而中国大陆硫化物的排放量2010年将达到39.1×106t。因此,人们对硫化物矿物在表生环境下的氧化行为日益重视。硫化物矿物的氧化速率受矿物本身物理化学特性(组成、结构、表面性质)和介质条件(溶解氧DO、Fe3+浓度、pH、Eh、温度及微生物)等多种因素的控制。在全面分析近年来国内外文献的基础上,系统介绍了硫化物矿物氧化动力学实验研究方法、实验参数的选择、反应机理、反应产物及反应速率等的研究现状。指出今后应加强对初始阶段的氧化反应速率、反应中间产物、多因素的综合作用、分子水平上的反应机理解释等方面的研究。

A lot of acid, sulfate, heavy metal and other hazardous substance have been released into environment during the process of the exploitation of sulfide or sulfide bearing deposit such as middle, high sulfur coal, which led to secondary geochemical anomalies and environment problem. The discharge amount of sulfide will reach to 39.1 million tons inside the China's Mainland in 2010. Therefore, people are paying more attention to the behavior of sulfide minerals under epigenetic condition. The oxidation rate of sulfide minerals were controlled by the properties of physical chemistry such as composition, structure and surface properties of sulfide minerals, and the medium condition such as dissolved oxygen, Fe^(3+)concentration, pH, Eh, temperature and microorganism. On the basis of reviewing recent literature, this paper reviews the experimental method of reaction kinetics of sulfide minerals oxidation, experimental condition and factors considered, reaction mechanism, reaction products and reaction rate. Finally, the authors point out that future study should focus on oxidation reaction rate of early stage, medium products, mutual effect of multifarious factors on reaction process and the mechanism of oxidation reaction kinetics of sulfide minerals on molecules level.