破骨细胞的研究进展

The progress of osteoclast research

健康成人的骨骼在不断地重建 ,旧骨吸收和新骨形成处于动态平衡状态 ,破骨细胞在骨骼的形成和骨量的调节方面起着关键作用。近年来 ,破骨细胞的研究取得了相当大的进展。在破骨细胞增殖和分化过程中RANKL 和 M- CSF起到了重要的作用。骨吸收过程中破骨细胞与骨基质接触 ,在它自身与骨表面之间形成一个独立的微环境。破骨细胞对于骨的识别受到整合素的调控。PU.1基因、转录因子 c- Fos、Fra- 1、c- Jun可以通过调节破骨细胞前体的分化和成熟发挥吸收骨的作用。通过来源于脾干细胞的破骨细胞样细胞的诱导生成及其培养 ,可以获得大量的破骨细胞 ,从而用于实验室内分子生物学研究。

Bone remodeling includes bone absorption by osteoclast and new bone formation by osteoblast. Osteoclast is very important to maintain the bone mass. Several line of evidence indicate that osteoclast can be induced from the hemotopoietic of monocyte/macrophage. Osteoclast generation and differentiation requests the presence of marrow stromal cells or osteoblast through secreted RANKL and M-CSF. However, the mechanism has not been revealed till recent years. In this mini-review, the authors described the mechanism of osteoclast generation, differentiation and its molecular biology; explained how the case of bone absorption by osteoclast happened. How to harvest osteoclast in research laboratory is very important issue for basic and clinical medicine study in the field of bone metabolism. Some methods have been discussed in this review also.