云南迪庆州传统藏药雪莲资源的保护和可持续利用

Protection and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Tibetan Medicine "Snow Lotuses" (Saussurea) in Diqing Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan

对云南省迪庆藏族自治州传统藏药雪莲资源及其利用的状况进行了调查。通过调查发现该地区雪莲植物共有 2 2种及 1变种 ,市场上常当作商品出售的有 5种。雪莲每年的贸易量达到 5 5 0 0 0kg ,而且资源利用方式落后 ,已经造成雪莲特别是二年生的雪莲个体数明显减少 ,严重威胁了这些物种的生存。依据调查结果 ,建议提高人们的保护意识 ,控制雪莲的采集量、限制一年生雪莲采集的时间以及禁止多年生雪莲的采集。

Snow lotuses' are a common name of some plants from the genus Saussurea (Subg.Amphilaena and Subg.Eriaconyne).These plants are one of the most famous alpine plants in Tibet areas and usually distribute in screes and stone meadows of elevation above 3 500?m.'Snow lotuses' have been used as famous traditional Tibetan medicine to treat different diseases for many years.Since Diqing Autonomous prefecture become a hot spot of tourism,'Snow lotuses' have become a tour commodity.A lot of 'snow lotuses' have being collected and traded,which cause the damage of these important alpine plants.In order to protect and use these plant resources scientifically,the statue of 'snow lotuses' in Diqing Tibet Autonomous prefecture,Yunnan was investigated.There are 22 snow lotus species and one variety in the areas,5 species of them have being used as medicine and traded in the markets as a kind of tourism gift.55 000?kg of snow lotuses are traded on the markets per year.The numbers of individuals of these plants have been reduced obviously,particularly those of biennial 'snow lotuses'.Three suggestions about protect and sustainable utilization have been proposed.They are educating local people, setting a quota of trade 'snow lotuses' and controlling collect time.Annual snow lotus can be collect after September restrictedly,at that time seeds of the plants have been dispersal and collections of biennial snow lotus should be banned.