80例SARS病例的流行病学调查

The epidemiologic characteristics of patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

目的 :了解严重急性呼吸道综合征 (SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome ,SARS ,即非典型肺炎 )的流行特点、规律及传播途径。方法 :对 80例SARS患者进行流行病学调查分析。结果 :72例患者 (90 % )有明确的SARS患者接触史 ,接触时间最短仅 2 0min ,潜伏期 2～ 2 0天 ,平均为 (7.6± 4 .3)天。 80例患者中医务人员占 6 6 .3% (5 3/80 ) ,非医务人员为 33.7% (2 7/ 80 ) ;两组中有接触史的例数分别为 4 9例 (92 .5 % )和 2 3例 (85 .2 % ) ,两者的潜伏期相近。护士的患病人数多于医生及护工 ,分别为 2 9人 (5 4 .7% )、18人 (34% )和 6人 (11.3% ) ;非医务人员患者中职员 (8/ 2 7,2 9.6 % )和服务人员 (6 / 2 7,2 2 .2 % )的比例较高。以医院或家庭聚集性发病为特点 ,防护和隔离措施不到位是SARS爆发流行的主要原因。结论 :密切接触是SARS的主要传播途径 ,潜伏期为 2～ 2 0天 ,平均 (7.6±4 .3)天。发病以医院或家庭聚集形式多见 ,良好的防护措施可明显降低SARS的发病率 ;

Objective: To study the epidemiologic characteristics of patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and to investigate the transmission way of the disease. Methods:A total of 80 clinically diagnosed SARS patients was enrolled in this study. Results:The result showed that 72/80 patients had exposed to SARS patient, and the least contact time was only 20 minutes, the average incubation period was (7.6±4.3) days(range 2 to 20 days); 53 (66.3%) subjects were hospital stuffs in this group, and 92.5% hospital stuffs (49/53) and 85.2% non hospital stuffs (23/27) had the history of direct contact with SARS patients, respectively. The incubation period for the hospital stuffs and non hospital stuffs were similar.More nurses (54.7%) were infected than doctors (34%) and nurse assistance (11.3%). The lack of isolation and self protection was the most important factor for the hospital infection, and early isolation could efficiently prevent the spread of the disease. Conclusion: Close exposure was the most important way for the transmission of SARS and the aggregation of the disease is common. The incubation period was around 7 days. The efficient isolation and self protection could reduce the infection and prevent the spread of the disease.