近代中国宪政建设的社会制约因素分析

Analyzing the Restricted Factors of Modern China Constitutional Government Construction

近代中国曾开展过多次宪政运动,制定过众多宪法或宪法性文件,进行过多种宪政模式的探索和建设,但最后都失败和废弃了。制约近代中国宪政建设的因素是多方面的,社会方面的主要有:自然经济占主导地位而市场经济的比重较小是经济因素;农民的数量过多而市民的数量过少是阶级因素;救亡图存、富国强兵的主题是时代因素;列强的侵略和半殖民统治是国际因素。探索、总结这些社会制约因素和经验教训,对于当代以宪政建设为核心的法治建设具有重要意义。

China has promoted a great deal of constitutional movement in modern times. We have established numerous constitutions and constitutional laws, and have also explored lots of constitutional models. But they all failed at last. There were many factors that laid restrict on modern China constitutional construction. The followings were the social factors. Firstly, the economic factor was that the natural economy played a major role in history but the effect of the market economy was small. Secondly, the class factor was that there were plenty of peasants while the number of citizen was little. Thirdly, The times factor was that the topic of that age was saving the nation from extinction and making the country rich and its military force efficient. Finally, the international factor was the big powers' invasion and semi-colonial domination.