改革开放以来中国区域政策的四次调整及其研判

On Four Regional Policy Adjustments in China & Their Effects

改革开放以后,中国经历了三次区域政策调整。第一次调整是在1980-1992年对广东和福建实行“特殊政策、灵活措施”,令广东成为中国改革开放的前沿阵地,广东成为中国经济实力最强的省份;第二次调整始于1990年的浦东开发开放,上海重现国际大都市的雏形,长三角成为全球瞩目的热点;第三次调整始于1999年底中央决定推行西部大开发,但到目前成效不甚明显。在2003年,中国的区域发展重点有所调整,即第四次区域政策调整,东北和华南(包括香港在内)成为优先突破的区域。中国区域政策发生作用的逻辑如下:中央的政策提供区域发展的启动机会,地方政府的响应能力决定区域发展的速度,市场原动力的形成决定了策调整的成效,而外向型和内源性经济的良性结合将是区域优势能否持续的关键。

Since opening and reform, regional policies in China have undergone three adjustmentsand currently the fourth is being implemented. The first was in 1980-1982 when Guangdong andFujian provinces were authorized to implement special flexible policies and as a result, Guangdonggot the opportunity to become the richest province in China. The second was in 1990 whenShanghais Pudong district was granted favorable policies. This was a great promotion of Shanghaias the growth pole for the Yangtse River Delta. In 1999 the third came for West China, which sofar has not achieved very much. In 2003, the regional priorities have been readjusted with NortheastChina and Southern China (including Hong Kong) being on the priority list. The logic of regionalpolicies in China is like this: central government policy starts the process of regional developmentand the provincial government response determines the speed of growth, formation of the marketforces determines the effectiveness of the policy readjustment while the combination of the outwardorientation of the economy and the indigeniety guarantees the sustainability of the regionaladvantage.