摘要
歌剧是音乐的戏剧,用音乐演绎戏剧的戏剧;它的特性正在于音乐是歌剧的本体。或者说,歌剧就是音乐戏剧艺术样式中各门艺术的综合程度最高、层次最丰富、舞台感召力最强的这样一个完整体。由此也感到写好一部歌剧的症结在于怎样理解和实践“音乐的戏剧性”上,也就是怎样巧妙地把音乐和戏剧结合好。 一个写得好的剧本,如果作曲家对它缺乏“悟性”,而又不加以改造地照搬过来,歌剧音乐是写不好的。成功的作品必定是音乐好的作品。必须足够重视作曲家在歌剧创作中的重要性。我国民族歌剧要得到发展,这个问题恐怕应当研究解决,让作曲家的地位突出于首位或中心是必要的。 为了探索和实践新的歌剧艺术运行机制,还需要从三个方面进行努力。一是人才问题。对于歌剧来说,人才问题上一有一个培养出来的声乐尖子人对不能直接为我国歌剧表演事业有效服务的问题。菩乐院校不能只偏重纯声乐方面的教学,而不重视歌剧表演方面的培训。二是基金体制问题。将来政府对于艺术表演事业的责任和管理应转向宏观的指导和调控。确立科学的基金机制,就是用以进行微观调控的重要手段之一。三是歌剧到底属于补贴事业还是最终应当归入文化产业统一体系,使它经过一定阶段的过渡之后渐入佳境,成为产业化事业。
Opera is theatre of music,in which theatre is illustrated by music. Its particular feature lies in the fact that music is the subject of opera. In other words,opera is an integral complex with the highest comprehensiveness.the richest layers of structure and the strongest stage im-pressiveness among all art forms in musical theatre. So the key for writing a good opera is how to comprehend and practice the 'dramatics of music', or how to combine music and theatre in a subtle way.
With a good scenario,if the composer has little comprehension of it and accepts it fully without any modification, he can hardly make good music for the opera. A successful work is bound to have good music. Emphasis must be placed upon the role of the composer in opera production. This issue should be addressed as far as the development of Chinese national operas is concerned. It is very necessary to place the composer in the principal or central position.
To explore and practice new operating mechanism of operas, efforts must be made in three aspects. One is the issue of talents. For opera talents,a problem exists,that is,vocal music elites that have been trained are unable to directly serve the country's opera performing art efficiently. Music academies should not merely stress education in vocal music,while ignoring the training in opera performance. The second is the issue of funding system. In the future, the government's liability for and governance over the performing arts should be transformed into macro direc tion and control. A scientific funding system is one of the important measures for micro regulation and ccntrol. The third is the question whether opera should be a busi- ness with subsidy or belong to the integrated system of cultural industry,turning it into a industrialized business following a certain period of transition.
