片面的深刻与整体的偏狭——对影响新时期文学发展的几种形式主义理论的学术剖析

One_sided Deepness and Overall Bias ——Learned Analysis of Some Formalist Theories Producing Influences on the Development of the New Period Literature

改革开放以来,大量涌入的西方形式主义文艺理论对我国的文学创作的影响是显而易见的。这些理论在一定程度上弥补了我国文艺形式理论研究的不足。然而有些论点尽管含有"片面的深刻的真理",但作为一种解释整体文艺世界的理论却暴露出自身的矛盾和偏狭。无论是苏珊·朗格的"艺术即情感符号的创造"的学说,还是马尔库塞的"新的感受力"的观点,甚至刘再复"文体革命"的理论都具有这种矛盾的特征,但是他们还是希望找到一条文艺自律的道路。然而后现代主义文艺观的极端主义思维方式表现出来的从内容到形式,从主观到客观的彻底的虚无,使文学创作渐渐滑入拒绝一切理想和情感的纯文字游戏。

Following the implementation of reform and open policy, Western formalist theories of art and literature pour in from abroad and produce an apparent impact on China's literary creation.These theories fill up to a certain extent the deficiency of our research of the theory of artistic and literary forms.But,for all the one_sidedly deep truth contained in some of their theses,these theories,being responsible for expounding the world art and literature as a whole,expose their own contradictions and biases.Both Susan Lange's doctrine of 'creation of symbols of artistic feeling' and Herbert Marcuse's viewpoint of 'new ability of being affected',and even Liu Zai_fu's theory of 'the revolution of the type of writing',are marked by these contradictions.However they,after all,are trying to find a way of artistic and literary self_discipline,whereas the extremist mode of thinking of the post_modernist view of art and literature shows absolute nihilism——from content to form,from subject to object——and slides gradually the literary creation to sheer play of words,which is alien to any ideal and emotion.