《史记》中的预叙及其叙事效果

Prolepses in Historical Records and Their Narrative Effect

《史记》在叙事时间方面 ,预叙运用较多 ,多采用暗示性的预叙 ,以梦、异兆、占卜等预示政治兴亡 ,家族兴衰 ,人物命运 ,预设人物性格 ,同时伴随着一些指点性、评论性内容来实现预叙的功能。这样的叙事 ,不仅使文章结构更加完整 ,传达出宿命的悲剧意识 ,而且还控摄叙事线索 ,预设情节走向。

In Historical Records, the narration of time was often presented with covert prolepses, such as dreams, strange omens, auguries, to suggest the forthcoming political rise and fall, household boom and downfall, and people's destiny. The prolepses were later confirmed by some contextual explanations and comments. The way of writing not only made the overall structure more integrate, but conveyed the tragic touch of foreordination more easily as well. What's more, it steered the development of the narrative clues and the orientation of plot.