化学及生物学方法合成角鲨烯研究现状

PRESENT SITUATION OF RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF SQUALENE

对角鲨烯的化学合成及生物学合成方法研究现状进行了较全面的总结和评述。到目前为止,研究报道的化学合成方法或路线有10余种,主要可归类为基于冗长而复杂的化学反应路线和基于金合欢基衍生物偶联反应两大类,其中从金合欢基衍生物出发用偶联反应合成角鲨烯可以说是一种有效的方法,但反应催化剂的选择非常重要。生物合成则主要采用在特殊培养基上进行细菌培养或发酵的方法,这些方法在菌种和目的物的得率等方面都还不够理想。因此这些合成角鲨烯方法的工业化尚有一定困难。

The present situation of research on chemical and biological synthesis of squalene was reviewed in detail.Hitherto,more than 10 synthesis methods or routes are available as reported,which can be classified into two major kinds of routes--the chemical synthesis route and the route of coupling of farnesyl derivatives.The chemical synthesis route is long and complicated,while the most effective method is considered to be the coupling of farnesyl derivatives.Selection of catalysts is very important in the coupling reactions.Futhermore,biological methods for synthesizing squalene were discussed simply,which were mainly used for germiculture or fermentation with special culture media or substrates.However,all these methods are not yet satisfactory on species of bacteria or fungi and yield of goal squalene.In spite of all these methods available,it is still difficult today to industrialize the synthesis of squalene.