养育环境对学龄前儿童智力发展的影响

Effects of foster condition on intelligence development of preschool children

目的 :分析不同养育环境的家庭和幼儿机构对学龄前儿童智力发育的影响。方法 :根据幼儿园生活环境、教育环境的不同 ,选择郑州市 4个不同的日托型幼儿园 ,对其 4～ 6 .5岁的在园儿童进行调查 ,包括儿童生活经历、家庭及父母一般情况 ;用韦氏学龄前儿童智力量表 (WPPSI)对儿童进行智商 (IQ)测量。结果 :父母文化程度不同组间儿童IQ不同 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;儿童主要带养人不是父母者占 5 1 .6 6 % ,带养人文化程度不同组间儿童IQ差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;父亲不吸烟组其儿童IQ显著高于父亲吸烟组 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1 ) ;教育环境较好幼儿园儿童IQ显著高于生活环境较好、教育环境一般组儿童IQ(P <0 .0 1 ) ,教育环境一般、生活环境较好组儿童IQ与两方面皆一般组儿童IQ比较 ,男P <0 .0 5 ,女P >0 .0 5。结论 :主要带养人的文化程度对儿童IQ存在明显影响。

Aim: To explore and analyze the effects of differet family and kindergarten on intelligence development of preschool children. Methods: The children of 4～6.5 years old were selected from four different kinds of kindergarten in Zhengzhou according to the living condition and educating condition. Their intelligence quotient (IQ) was measured with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary School Child's Scale(WPPSI) test, and their living experience, general condition of the family were investigated. Results: The children with their parents at different educational level were different in IQ scale( P <0.05). The chief foster of 51.66% children was not their parents. The children with the foster at different education level were different in IQ scale( P <0.05). IQ of the children whose fathers did not smoke were significantly higher than that of the children whose fathers smoked( P <0.05～0.01). IQ of the children in the kindergarten of better education condition was significantly higher than that of the children in the kindergarten of better living condition( P <0.01). Conclusion: The educational level of the fosters had evident effects on intelligence development of preschool children. The education condition of kindergarten has more contribution than the living condition to intelligence development of the children.