氯化铵的增产效果及氯根效应

THE RESPONSE OF YIELD IN SPRING WHEAT TO AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND CI^- EFFECTS ON CROP AND SOIL

试验证明,氯化铵对春小麦的增产效果与等氮量的尿素和硝酸铵相同或相近。同一地块连续施用3年氯化铵对春小麦的生长发育、产量和品质均无不良影响。春小麦在土壤含氯量<600μg/g可正常生长;1000μg/g明显受害; 2000μg/g严重受害;>3500μg/g全部致死。春小麦在种子萌发至出苗期对高氯毒害最为敏感,此后逐渐减轻。植株含氯量随施氯量的增加而增加,所吸收的氯90%以上分布在茎叶中,籽粒积累甚少。残留在土壤中的氯到第3年收获后已大部分淋洗到60cm以下,但100cm以上仍残留37.8%～43.2%,150cm以上残留40.1%～69.3%。在春小麦能够正常生长的范围内,施氯对土壤硝化作用无明显抑制作用。

The results of field and pot experiments showed that the effect of ammonium chloride on spring wheat yield equals or closes to that of urea or ammonium nitrate with equal amount of nitrogen. The growth and development, yield and quality of spring wheat were not affected badly even if ammonium chloride was applied for three years in the same field. It can grow normally when the soil Cl^- concentration is less than 600 μg/g . If the soil Cl^- concentration reaches to 1000 μg/g, spring wheat is injured obviously and if the Cl^- concentration is as high as 2000μg/g, spring wheat is injured severely.. When the Cl^- concentration is over 3500μg/g, spring what will do not germinate at all. The most sensitive period of spring wheat to the toxicity of high Cl^- concentration is from germination to emergence of seedings. The sensitivity gradually deereasaes afterwords . The Cl^- concentration in spring wheat plant increases with increasing Cl^- addition. 90% of the Cl^-taken up by spring wheat is in the stems and leaves and only small amount (less than 10%)of the Cl^-presents in the grain. After the third year harvest ,most of the applide Cl^- in the soil had leached below 60 cm in the soil profile. However ,37.8-43.2% of the applied Cl^- still remain in the upper 100 cm and 40.1%～69.3% in the upper 150cm. No significant inhibition effect of applied Cl^- on soil nitration within the Cl^-application range in which spring wheat can grow normally.