3～5岁幼儿一位数大小比较的信息加工模式

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE CHILDREN FROM 3 TO 5 YEARS OF AGE IN MAGNITUDE COMPARISONS OF ONE-FIGURE NUMBER

主要探讨我国幼儿对数量大小比较的信息加工模式。实验 1探讨幼儿对一位数大小比较的发展状况及其心理表征特点 ,被试为 3岁、4岁与 5岁幼儿各 2 0人 ,要求被试对 1～ 9两两进行大小比较 ,然后对不同年龄幼儿对比成绩进行比较与聚类分析。实验 2进一步探讨幼儿对数字的语义编码情况及其与数的大小比较的关系 ,被试与实验 1相同 ,要求被试对 1～ 9每个数字作出大、中或小的编码 ,然后分析数字的语义编码成绩与大小比较成绩的关系。实验 3采用因果设计 ,探讨幼儿关于数字的语义编码对他们关于数的大小判断的影响 ,被试为 30名 4岁幼儿 ,随机分成训练组与控制组 ,对训练组被试进行数字语义编码训练 ,然后比较两组被试大小比较的成绩。结果表明 :(1)幼儿一位数大小比较直接受其对数的语义表征的影响 ;(2 )随着年龄的增长 ,幼儿对数的表征逐步表现出离散聚类模式 ,相应地 ,对一位数大小比较的信息加工过程就表现为由无序的、随机的过程逐步发展成为层次编码比较的过程。

The study probed into the cognitive activity and the development of the children from 3 to 5 years of age in magnitude comparison of one-figure number. Three experiments were included. In Experiment 1, the psychological representative model in magnitudes of one-figure numbers were explored. In Experiment 2, the semantic code characteristics of the numbers and the relation between numerical magnitude comparisons and semantic code were studied. In Experiment 3 ,the cause and effect research design was used to explore the influence of semantic code on the judgment of numerical comparisons. The results showed: 1.The comparison of numerical magnitudes made by children was influenced directly by their semantic representation of numbers.2. The children presented the discrete category model gradually in magnitude representation of one-figure number as their ages increased. As a result, the process of magnitude comparison of one-figure number developed gradually from the random and disorder course to the hierarchical comparison course.