补充钾和钙对血压偏高青年动脉血压及钠代谢影响的长期观察

Long term observation in effects of potassium and calcium supplementation on arterial blood pressure and sodium metabolism in adolescents with higher blood pressure

目的 观察在食盐中添加钾和钙降低血压偏高青年动脉血压的作用及其对钠代谢的影响。方法 选取年龄 18～ 2 2岁的 2 2 0名血压偏高青年 ,采用随机、单盲、对照的方法分为补充钾钙组110名 (男 5 8名 ,女 5 2名 ) ,对照组 110名 (男 5 6名 ,女 5 4名 ) ,进行为期 2年的补钾补钙干预对照试验。干预组及其共同生活的家庭成员每人每天补充钾和钙各 10mmol,与食盐混合在一起。结果 经2年期试验 ,补钾补钙组夜 12h尿中K+含量为 ( 4 8± 2 3 )mmol,尿Na+含量为 ( 6 2 4± 2 8 2 )mmol;对照组尿K+含量为 ( 7 8± 3 6 )mmol,尿Na+含量为 ( 71 8± 2 7 5 )mmol,两者比较 ,差异有显著意义。补钾补钙组血压较基线平均下降了 5 3/ 1 8mmHg ,对照组血压较基线上升了 1 3 / 1 7mmHg,二者比较收缩压相差 6 6mmHg ,舒张压相差 3 5mmHg。结论 在家庭日常食盐中适量添加钾和钙 ,可促进钠盐的排泄 ,降低血压偏高青年的动脉血压 ,是有效预防青年高血压的重要途径。

Objective To investigate the effects of potassium and calcium supplementation in table salt on reduction of arterial blood pressure and sodium metabolism in adolescents with higher blood pressure. Methods A single blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out for two years in 220 adolescents with higher blood pressure, aged 18-22 years, who were randomly divided into supplementary group (n=110) and control group (n=110). Each of the subjects in the supplementary group and their family members was given 10 mmol of potassium and 10 mmol of calcium mixed in their table salt daily for 24 months. Results Night urinary sodium and potassium excretion increased (urinary Na+,P<0.05; urinary K+,P<0.01) and blood pressure lowered by 5.3 mm Hg /1.8 mm Hg in average from the baseline in the supplementary group two years after potassium and calcium supplementation, as compared with that in the control group increased by (1.3 /1.7) mm Hg. Conclusions Adequate supplement of potassium and calcium in daily table salt intake was an effective way to prevent form hypertension and could promote their urinary sodium excretion and reduction of arterial blood pressure in adolescents with higher blood pressure.