职业性接触抗癌药物的护士染色体损伤调查

An investigation on the chromosomal damage in nurses occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs

目的 用染色体畸变试验和胞质阻断微核试验来评价职业性接触抗癌药物的护士的遗传毒性危险性。方法 暴露组 16名护士选自同一家医院的肿瘤科 ,平均暴露工龄为 5 5年 ,平均每日配化疗药物 8 2 5份 ;对照组为护理系的学生。 2组对象的外周血在 37℃培养 48和 72h ,分别按常规染色体畸变试验和胞质阻断微核试验方法制片 ,每个样本分别观测 10 0个细胞间期和 10 0 0个双核淋巴细胞。结果 平均染色体畸变率暴露组为 ( 6 38± 3 30 ) %,非常显著高于对照组的 ( 1 2 5±0 93) %;平均微核细胞率暴露组为 ( 15 0 6± 5 30 )‰ ,非常显著高于对照组的 ( 4 5 6± 1 6 7)‰。结论 肿瘤科护士的染色体损伤高于对照组 ,可能与接触抗癌药物有关。

Objective To evaluate their genotoxic risk in nurses occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs with chromosomal aberration test and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test. Methods Sixteen nurses in the exposure group were selected from the oncology department of the same hospital, with an average length of exposure of 5.5 years and daily making 8.25 chemotherapeutic preparations in average. The controls were students from a nursing school. Peripheral blood from both groups was cultured at 37℃ for 48 h and 72 h, respectively, and then slides were prepared for conventional chromosomal aberration test and CBMN test. One hundred blood cells in metaphase and 1 000 binuclear lymphocytes in each sample were observed under microscope. Results The results showed that the mean chromosomal aberration rate in the exposure group was (6.38±3.30) %, significantly higher than that in the controls (1.25±0.93) % (P<0.01). And, the mean micronucleated cell rate in the exposure group was (15.06±5.30) ‰, very significantly higher than that in the controls (4.56±1.67) ‰ (P<0.01). Conclusions The investigation indicated that chromosome damage rate in the nurses from oncology department was higher than that in the controls, which may be related to their occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs.