孝,何以必须?——孔子与董仲舒对孝道的不同建构

On the different Configuration of Filial Piety by Confucius and Dong Zhong-shu

孝是古今中国社会的重大精神生活现象。孝在孔子那里完全建立在人性最基本的心理情感基础之上,发源于人心的内在要求和自觉意识,董仲舒则以天为基本视角而提出:孝白天地出,孝从五行生。董学第一次把孝纳入一种宇宙论的形上结构,从天的结构特征出发,论证出孝的合理性、合法性与合情性。与孝文化相伴生的是中国悠久的家文化。而这恰又与西方文化传统形成了鲜明比照。现代社会里,随着生产生活方式的变化,孝的实现方式必然有所更新,利益原则的渗透也不可避免。

Filial piety has been one of the significant spiritual phenomena in Chinese history. To Confucius, it was based upon the fundamental emotions of human beings, emanating from man's inner demands and self-consciousness. To Dong Zhong-shu, however, it was proposed in the perspective of Heaven. It came from the Heaven and was produced from the Basic Five Elements. For the first time, Dong included filial piety into a cosmic metaphysical structure and verified its rationality, legitimacy and reasonability as starting from the structural characteristics of the Heaven. Born together with filial piety was the family conception, which is in striking contrast to western traditional culture. In modern society, filial piety must be realized in a new way with the changing production mode and life style, and the infiltration into each of the interest principles is unavoidable.