老年中国人自我记忆效应的研究

Self-Reflective Memory of Older Chinese

本研究用带R/K判断的再认范式考察了 60岁和 70岁两个年龄段的老年中国人的自我记忆效应 ,结果发现 :老年人的记忆仍表现有自我参照效应 ,但 60岁以上的老年中国被试中没有出现母亲参照加工的优势效应 ;60岁左右的老年人在自我参照加工、参照母亲加工、参照周恩来加工以及语义加工这四项任务中的再认成绩及R判断值都显著高于 70岁的老年人 ,两组被试在K值上没有显著差异 ;老年人记忆成绩的下降主要体现在情景记忆中 。

Using recognition test paradigm with R/K judgment, this research studied the the self-reflective memory of 60-year-old and 70-year-old Chinese. The results were as follows: older Chinese still showed self-reference effect in memory, but no superiority of memory for mother-referential processing was found; memory performance under the four processing conditions (self-referential processing, mother-referential processing, Zhou Enlai-referential processing and semantic processing) and respective R values in 60-year-olds were all significantly higher than those in 70-year-olds, but R values were not; the decline of memory performance in older persons was mainly reflected in episodic memory, while their semantic memory ability was preserved quite well.