因果错觉的实验研究

An Experimental Research on Causal Illusion

本研究分别从可控情境和不可控情境两方面探讨了在工具性条件反射中 ,人对因果关系的认知的特点。结果发现 :1 .在可控情境下 ,延迟反馈可能导致被试的因果错觉 ;2 .在不可控情境下 ,被试同样表现出因果错觉 :迷信和控制幻觉 ,并且这种现象具有一定的普遍性 ;3 .

The research examined humans' causal attribution of response-outcome under controllable and uncontrollable conditions respectively and attempted to find out whether providing appropriate external cues could be beneficial to them in making accurate judgments. The results indicate:1) under controllable conditions, the delay of feedback might lead to causal illusion;2) under uncontrollable conditions, the subjects developed superstition and illusion of control rather than helplessness; 3) providing appropriate external cues helped the subjects eliminate their former established causal illusion.